Commemorating the Carnation Revolution Amidst Political Shifts
In a momentous celebration, Portugal marked the 50th anniversary of the “Carnation Revolution”, a pivotal event that dismantled Europe’s longest fascist dictatorship and paved the way for democracy. The historic day was remembered with a grand military parade in Lisbon’s Commerce Square, where the air buzzed with the national anthem and the roar of fighter jets, while two frigates stood proudly moored along the River Tagus.
The revolution was led by junior army officers who wanted democracy and decolonization, culminating in a nearly bloodless coup that ended the authoritarian regime of Antonio Oliveira Salazar and his successor Marcelo Caetano. This act of defiance not only brought democracy to Portugal but also initiated a swift process of decolonization in the African colonies.
Despite the festive atmosphere, there was an undercurrent of concern among the celebrants. The rise of the populist far right in Portugal has been a cause for alarm for many, including 74-year-old Joao Marcelino, who expressed his apprehension about the direction in which mainstream parties are steering the country.
While Portugal’s democracy remains stable and its infrastructure has seen significant improvements since joining the EU, it still faces challenges as Western Europe’s poorest state. Issues such as a housing crisis, low wages, a strained healthcare system, and allegations of corruption have fueled discontent and bolstered far-right sentiments.
Lisbon University’s political scientist Antonio Costa Pinto highlighted that although most Portuguese citizens are proud of their liberal democracy and the legacy of April 25, the growing influence of the populist anti-immigration party Chega loomed over this year’s celebrations. Chega, which has adopted Salazar’s motto with an additional emphasis on “work”, has seen a surge in support, now standing as Portugal’s third-largest party.
Chega’s leader Andre Ventura has positioned himself and his party as anti-establishment, aiming to revise Portugal’s constitution while denying any fascist inclinations. On the anniversary, Ventura addressed parliament with a critical stance on the current political landscape, emphasizing the need to restore dignity to the Portuguese people.
As Portugal celebrated this significant milestone, reflections on its past achievements in establishing democracy were intertwined with contemplations on its present and future political trajectory.
